12月11日托福阅读三篇文章分别是： Glacier Effect(冰川的影响)，The Sistine Ceiling(西斯廷教堂壁顶绘画)，以及Explaining the Collapse of Early Bronze Age Societies(解释早期青铜时代社会的衰落)，难度与12.10相比有所加大，并且是新题出题，所以可能做起来比较费时。下面具体看看托福考试的真题解读吧!
第一篇Glacier Effects
第一段主要讲
前两段主要讲冰川的形成和融化会给地球带来很多变化，包括地表的高度，地表的形态，还有沿路的树，石头等，然后说到山岳冰川对地表的影响，山岳上的冰川移动速冻很快，会使很多V型山谷蚀刻成U型山谷和冰悬谷，最后讲到大陆冰川以及冰川崩解对地球的影响，冰川崩解化为洪水注入海洋，这个过程对地表影响更大。
解析
本文考察的是地质类中的冰川形成，用词也比较专业，对于不了解冰川形成以及作用的.同学来说可能比较大，不过这个比较接近Glacier Formation的后续文章，如果考前练习中做过这篇，并且单词也都记背，做这篇相对来说会有一定基础。
参考文章：
TPO15-3 Glacier Formation
TPO 19-3 Discovering the Ica Ages
词汇：
In response to = as a result of
Depositing=putting
Sculpt=shape
Drastic=very significant
听力解析
C1:
学生去找教授， 因为参加debate tournament, 所以会缺课，学生询问教授是否可以提前让教授返回他论文的first draft。关于辩论赛，学生一方需要支持的观点是减少对科学类的funding，增加对社科类的funding。教授后来要讲到的内容是Mexico的地面下陷，由于对地下水的过度开发，clay的密度不均匀。塌陷后很难复原，就像榨出果汁的橘子很难复原一样。
名师解析：
又是一篇目的主旨出现在中间的对话，提醒各位学员，对于不是开门见山类的对话，开头寒暄的内容也务必注意去听，抓好每个问答的切入点。比如这篇就考了学生辩论赛的论题比较有挑战的非主旨细节。再就是这篇题目把常规的环境科学类的学术内容穿插到了对话中，需要考生对这类对话中学术内容的提取。以橘子为例，类比细节的考察要注意。Uneven，aquifer，clay，sink，pump等词汇的识记。
相关练习：
TPO25-C2 TPO26-C2 TPO31-C1;
写作解析
独立写作
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Visiting museums is the best way to learn about a country.
这是一道绝对词题(题干出现the best，the most important等字眼)，反对比较好写，一个实用易学的破解角度是"承合驳绝"，即承认合理性，反驳绝对性。
三个主体段可以这么写，
1.承认合理性(这段也可以合并进开头段)：Visiting museums does have some advantages, i.e. a wide range of carefully selected and beautifully arranged materials;save time and money
2.指出不足：the amount of information in museums is limited and not as lively as when it is presented in real life. Besides, museums usually only provide a singe perspective on major historic events and modern issues.
3.提出更好的 (必要的逻辑环节)：there are better ways to learn about a country like traveling to that country or talking with friends as well as strangers from that country.
另外两种主体段分段可以是
1.承认合理性
lem：the amount of information in museums is limited and not as lively as when it is presented in real life
solution: there are better ways to learn about a country like traveling to that country to see it yourself
lem: museums usually only provide a singe perspective on major historic events and modern issues.
Solution: talking with friends as well as strangers from that country provide you additional point of views
一边倒
gs in the museum do not look as lively as when it is presented in real life
amount of information in museums is limited and doesn't reflect the diversity of people's interests
ums usually only provide a singe perspective on major historic events and modern issues.
如果同意，比较一些其它很好/很重要的方式(必要的逻辑环节)，指出参观博物馆仍是最好的。
